EQUAL-REP

EQUAL-REP: Ethnic Quotas And Legislative Representation Policies is a longitudinal, comparative institutional dataset of ethnic representation policies worldwide. Covering the period from country independence through 2025, the dataset tracks the adoption and implementation of five types of policies: reserved seats, vote-threshold relaxations for ethnic parties, protected or enhanced autonomous-territory representation, candidate-list requirements, and majority-minority districts. Together, these policies capture how countries design electoral institutions to shape the legislative representation of ethnic groups, broadly defined to include Indigenous, racial, religious, linguistic, caste, clan, tribal, national-minority, and minority-nation communities.